Porters Five Forces On Aviation Industry

Porters Five Forces On Aviation Industry The Indian aviation industry is one of the fastest growing aviation industries in the world with private airlines accounting for more than 75 per cent of the sector of the domestic aviation. It is stated that the Indian aviation sector will become one of the top five civil aviation markets in the world over the next five years. Currently, India ranks ninth in the global civil aviation market. The Hyderabad International Airport has been ranked amongst the worlds top five in the annual Airport Service Quality (ASQ). With the growth in the industry, airport retailing has also gained pace in the recent times. Development of new terminals and airports such as the recently inaugurated T3 in New Delhi has provided added impetus to this segment. The highest margin earners in this segment are food and beverages, beauty product, electronic items, apparel etc. It has been predicted that airports would provide around 300,000-400,000 square feet retail space by 2015. Many companies are also plan ning to leverage on this growing segment by launching specific products for air travelers. In addition, the emphasis on modernization of non-metro airports, fleet expansion by airlines, service expansion by state owned carriers, development of the maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) industry in India, opening up of new international routes by the Indian government, establishment of new airports and renovation and restructuring of the existing airports have added to the growth of the industry. Present Indian Scenario It is a phase of rapid growth in the industry due to huge build-up of capacity in the LCC space, with capacity growing at approximately 45% annually. This has induced a phase of intense price competition with the incumbent full service carriers (Jet, Indian, Air Sahara) this- counting up to 60-70% for certain routes to match the new entrants ticket prices. This, coupled with costs pressures (a key cost element, ATF price, went up approximately 35% in recent months, while staff costs are also rising on the back of shortage of trained personnel), is exerting bottom-line pressure. The growth in supply is overshadowed by the extremely strong demand growth, led primarily by the conversion of train/bus passengers to air travel, as well as by the fact that low fares have allowed passengers to fly more frequently. There has, therefore, been an increase in both the width and depth of consumption. However, the regulatory environment, infrastructure and tax policy have not kept pace with the industrys growth. Enactment of the open sky policy between India and Saarc countries, increase in bilateral entitlements with the EU and the US, and aggressive promotion of India as an attractive tourism spot helped India attract 3.2 million tourists in 2004-05. This market is growing at 15% per annum and India is expected to attract 6 million tourists by 2010. Also, increasing per capita income has led to an increase in disposable incomes, leading to greater spend on leisure and holidays and business travel has risen sharply with increasing MNC presence. Smaller cities are also well connected now. Passenger traffic has increased and over 21 million seats have been sold, resulting in a growth of over 50%. The Indian travel market is expected to triple to $51 billion by 2011 from $16.3 billion in 2005-06. Application of Porters Five Forces strategy in the Aviation Industry Threat of New Entrants A lucrative industry is always a target for investors looking at investment. One of the foremost factors in consideration while looking at the attractiveness of an industry is the threat of new entrants. In the airlines industry, this was a major threat a few years ago. The airlines operating in the industry were limited and the industry had few players like Indian Airlines and Jet Airways. However, as the industry had scope for accommodating more players many players joined the fray. The airlines industry however comes with its fair share of barriers. The investment in the airlines is very huge and acts as a major barrier to entry. Bundled with it were different permits for running an airline company from the civil aviation company and FDI limits. Factors that can limit the threat of new entrants are known as barriers to entry. Some examples include: Existing loyalty to major brands Incentives for using a particular buyer (such as frequent shopper programs) High fixed costs Scarcity of resources High costs of switching companies Government restrictions or legislation Power of Suppliers This is how much pressure suppliers can place on a business. If one supplier has a large enough impact to affect a companys margins and volumes, then it holds substantial power. In the airlines company there is certain amount of bargaining power the suppliers have. Firstly, suppliers in the form of aircraft builders, who very often exceed the time limits. Adding to it are suppliers of oil who hold the key to running of the airlines. Here are a few other reasons that suppliers might have power. There are very few suppliers of a particular product There are no substitutes Switching to another (competitive) product is very costly The product is extremely important to buyers cant do without it The supplying industry has a higher profitability than the buying industry Power of Buyers This is how much pressure customers can place on a business. If one customer has a large enough impact to affect a companys margins and volumes, then the customer hold substantial power. Predominantly, in the airlines industry, it has been seen that the civil aviation ministry has been in favour of the customer and buyers thus have reasonable power. While most airlines companies are running with wafer thin margins, it is pretty difficult for companies to increase prices as the capacity utilization will be seriously affected. Here are a few reasons that customers might have power: Small number of buyers Purchases large volumes Switching to another (competitive) airline is simple The airline is not extremely important to buyers; they can do without the same brand for a period of time Customers are price sensitive Availability of Substitutes What is the likelihood that someone will switch to a competitive product or service? If the cost of switching is low, then this poses a serious threat. Most airline companies have similar facilities and are listed on website such as makemytrip.com, yatra.com where customers choose from the cheapest available tickets. This shows that the customer has a lot of options and would Not mind shifting to a new service. Here are a few factors that can affect the threat of substitutes: The main issue is the similarity of substitutes. All low cost airlines have similar facilities. If substitutes are similar, it can be viewed in the same light as a new entrant. Competitive Rivalry This describes the intensity of competition between existing firms in an industry. Highly competitive industries generally earn low returns because the cost of competition is high. The competition in the airline industry is cutthroat and each player is trying to gain an upper-hand based on non price factors. A highly competitive market might result from: Many players of about the same size; there is no dominant firm Little differentiation between competitors products and services A mature industry with very little growth; companies can only grow by stealing customers away from competitors SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY Strengths: Growing tourism: Due to growth in tourism, there has been an increase in number of the international and domestic passengers. The estimated growth of domestic passenger segment is at 50% per annum and growth for international passenger segment is 25% Rising income levels: Due to the rise in income levels, the disposable income is also higher which are expected to enhance the number of flyers. Growth potential Liberalization of sector. Modernization of non metro airports. Rising share of low cost carriers. Fleet expansion by state owned carriers. The opening up of new international routes by Indian government. Establishment of new airports and restructuring of old airports. Weaknesses: Under penetrated Market : The total passenger traffic was only 50 million as on 31st Dec 2005 amounting to only 0.05 trips per annum as compared to developed nations like United States have 2.02 trips per annum. Untapped Air Cargo Market: Air cargo market has not yet been fully taped in the Indian markets and is expected that in the coming years large number of players will have dedicated fleets. Infrastructural constraints: The infrastructure development has not kept pace with the growth in aviation services sector leading to a bottleneck. Huge investment requirement for physical infrastructure for airports. Shortage of qualified instructors due migration to schedule operation. Pressure on quality standard of inducted pilots. Infrastructural constraints. Opportunities: Expecting investments: investment of about US $30 billion will be made. Expected Market Size: Average growth of aviation sector is about 25%-30% and the expected market size is projected to grow up to 100 million by 2010. Economic Growth Vibrant middle class: Increasing Consumerism and Affordability common man Under-penetrated markets Growth in Tourism Currently domestic passenger market is growing at 50% Threats: Shortage of trained Pilots: There is a shortage of trained pilots, co-pilots and ground staff which is severely limiting growth prospects. Shortage of Airports: There is a shortage of airport facilities, parking bays, air traffic control facilities and takeoff and landing slots. High prices: Though enough number of low cost carriers already exists in the industry, majority of the population is still not able to fly to other destinations. Security and safety. Low profit margins and high operating costs.

Expiration Date on Marriages

According to a study from the Center of Women's Resources, for every two hours a woman is either slapped, beaten and subjected to other forms of abuse. In a day, twelve women submit to cruel acts caused mostly by their loved ones or people they know, making violence the number one crime against women. Statistics shows that there are too many victims of abuse yet no actions have been done. Margie Tajon, president of the 1-Babae Astig Aasenso (1-ABAA) party-list group, suggests that the proposal for 10-year expiration on Marriage would strengthen marriage and not destroy it. Tajon stated in an interview that this would allow couples to reassess the status of their marriage. In one of her points she states that it would benefit incompatible pairs who would like to be separated legally but have to undergo a tiring and lengthy process to annul their marriage. She stated that â€Å"Marriage annulment cases are clogging up our courts and we have to find a means to address the problem†. According to reports there were 8,000 annulment cases reported in 2008 and there are still more being deliberated in courts. A marriage license is a requirement for either a Civil or Church wedding to be held in the Philippines. The Application Form for a marriage license must be secured at the Local Civil Registrar from the city, town or municipality where the bride or the groom resides. The personal appearance of the couple is required in applying for the marriage license. Both parties involved shall file separately a sworn application for each license with the proper local civil registrar and proper supporting documents shall be submitted. According to Philippine law a ten-day waiting period is prescribed from the filing of the Application to the issuance of the marriage license. The license is valid for 120 days from date of issuance and may be used anywhere in the country. A marriage license is just like any other form applied for in the country. Like a passport or driver’s license which expires, why can’t a marriage expire too? According to Sen. Alan Peter Cayetano: â€Å"It’s a reflection of what is happening in our society,† referring to the growing clamor from women for more rights and social freedoms. Senate Minority Leader Aquilino â€Å"Nene† Pimentel, Jr finds the idea as funny. â€Å"It’s the funniest thing I’ve heard in my life. Does it mean marriage is just a trial? † Pimentel said of the proposal. Pimentel added that the issue of a marriage contract with an expiration date will go against the belief of the Filipino people that marriage is a sacred union done in the eyes of God. We are a predominantly Catholic country and the views of the people from the church are important. The Chairman of the CBCP’s National Appellate Matrimonial Tribunal said that the proposal is â€Å"some kind of desperate approach to right a wrong by something wrong. †. He says that â€Å"It is wrong for couples to separate and here comes a proposal for them to precisely separate,†. According to him there are dire consequences for this proposal. The most serious of which is the emotional trauma on the children whose parents are separated. It will also produce more children and result in a population explosion. He added that a man who gets married at age 20 and decides not to renew his marriage with his wife can go on and on until he marries his sixth wife at age 70. The question here is if we would allow such a thing to happen and I say yes. We may say that the family is the basic unit of the society and that it holds our society together but what about the individual? Families may seem happy on the outside but the inner workings are messed up. They may say that children will undergo emotional trauma if their parents separate. Children also undergo emotional trauma if they see or hear their parents fighting and if these situations worsen it will lead to abuse not only to the mothers but to the children as well. Our society has a problem indeed. We are stuck in the ways of the cavemen and our brain closes itself to the more liberated ideas which really benefit us.

Essay on An Annotation of Wallace Stevens Of Modern Poetry

An Annotation of Wallace Stevens Of Modern Poetry In Of Modern Poetry, Stevens describes the purpose of modern poetry given what the audience knows and values. Modern poetry must be different from traditional poetry, because people of his time perceive themselves and their world differently than the people of earlier times. Stevens suggests that war, like other changes, have affected what people believe. Poetry must reflect to its audience what they want to hear. It must show them that the order, meaning and value they need is real, in so much as their minds both need it and can create it. OF MODERN POETRY The poem of the mind in the act of finding What will suffice. It has not always had To find: the scene was set; it†¦show more content†¦Stevens first points out how modern poetry differs from traditional poetry. The implication is that people are now questioning some fundamental aspects of intellectual constructs that used to be considered necessary and true. In particular Stevens questions tradition of reading the book of nature, of starting with religious presumptions and assuming nature communicates these ideas to humans. Other traditions had changed as well -- thoughts about the social roles of men and women and social propriety; thoughts about religious values and scientific discovery; nature and purpose of communication resulting from new inventions. These changes sometimes reflected, sometimes caused the development of new values. The rest of the poem records the change that occurs after traditional assumptions are uprooted. The past was a souvenir because once people realized that certain traditions could be changed, they had no reason to believe those traditions had to be the standard. Like a souvenir, the scene and the script became only a reminder of where people had been, it has no practical use for the present. Once people conceived of a new stage, a new script, a new way of thinking, it had to be experimented with. They valued experimentation, because they did not have a required standard. They valued findingShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of Wallace Stevens : The Emperor Of Ice Cream1463 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Emperor of Ice-Cream†: Works Cited Allen, Austin. â€Å"Wallace Stevens: ‘The Emperor of Ice-Cream’.† Poetry Foundation, Poetry Foundation, www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/70138/wallace-stevens-the-emperor-of-ice-cream The article was written by Austin Allen. His biography on the site reads that he has won a poetry award and that he frequently writes poems and essays that are known world-wide. This means his article is at least somewhat reliable. This site analyzes the poem thoroughly, digging

Nursing Home Nursing Homes - 2939 Words

For those who are not familiar with nursing home , nursing homes is occupied by residents of all demographic 65 years and older with low function morbidities on their activities of daily living like eating, bathing, dressing, toileting ,transferring and continence. However, nursing homes provided other services like skilled nursing ,this are services that provided for non-permanent residents .non-permanent resident are patients that come for a short period of time due to need of medical services. Usually, the length of stay Lange from 90days and above depend on their prognosis. The main reason these patients are admitted to the nursing home facility for short stay is to receive post hospitalization and post-operative care like intravenous medication, physical and occupational therapy. Each year, millions of older people 65 and older fall. In fact, more than one out of four older people fall each year. One out of five falls causes a serious injury such as broken bones or a head inju ry. Each year, 2.8 million older people are treated in emergency departments for fall related injuries. (CDC,2015).Fall in the nursing home is a huge problem .Elder people living in nursing homes die every year due to falls related injury .These falls cause so many injuries leaving our patient with permanent injury each year. Fall prevention in the long-term care it can be very challenging, especially when you are dealing with older patients with cognitive impaired, especially when you don’tShow MoreRelatedNursing Homes And The Nursing Home Facility3205 Words   |  13 PagesFor those who are not familiar with nursing homes , nursing homes is occupied by residents of all demographic 65 years and older with low function morbidities on their activities of daily living like eating, bathing, dressing, toileting ,transferring and continence. 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This in turn set in motion the opening of private homes that allowed people to live in a care facility and collec t the OAA payments as well. It was not until the 1950’s when nursing homes started developing into